Photoelectric Effect: Is There Really No Time Lag?

Early safety data, an mRNA-encoded VLP design and a promise of open release. What the PVX-001 announcement supports, and the open questions it leaves.

A route to π/4 − 29/96 that skips the clipped-circle geometry: coordinate differences, their density, and a quarter-disk integral, plus a typo to watch for.

A covariate outside the interaction keeps its ordinary adjusted meaning. Here is the algebra that shows why, a way to verify it in R, and the cases where the reassurance stops.